Prostate Cancer

The use of PARP inhibitors against DNA damage repair (DDR) alterations in prostate cancer is the first display of the potential for widespread precision medicine in the field, according to William K. Oh, MD, in a presentation during the 13th Annual Interdisciplinary Prostate Cancer Congress® and Other Genitourinary Malignancies. DDR alterations are present in 23% of all metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) cases. 1  Moreover, approximately 1 in 10 men will have a germline mutation in DDR, 2  said Oh, who is the chief of the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, a professor of medicine and urology, and the Ezra M. Greenspan, MD Professor in Clinical Cancer Therapeutics at the Mount Sinai Health System. “About half of those germline mutations are in BRCA2, which is probably the most important mutation because of the nature of response to subsequent therapy [to PARP inhibitors],” said Oh, who is also deputy director of the Tisch Can...

Increasing the Time Between Prostate Cancer Screenings May Improve Outcomes A study examined how race plays a different role in prostate cancer patients depending on geographic region. “Black men are more likely than white men to be diagnosed with and die of prostate cancer. Current evidence attributes this to racial differences in both tumor biology and access to care. These differences may also be greatest in specific disease states, such as low-risk prostate cancer,” the study authors explained. The study examined data from 17 geographic registries within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between Jan. 1, 2007, and Dec. 31, 2014. Eligible patients were biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer patients aged 18 years and older. Men with missing data including cancer stage, Gleason grade group, prostate-specific antigen level, and survival follow-up data were excluded from the study. The primary exposure was race, as reported in the SEER database. Prostate...

The use of PARP inhibitors against DNA damage repair (DDR) alterations in prostate cancer is the first display of the potential for widespread precision medicine in the field, according to William K. Oh, MD, in a presentation during the 13th Annual Interdisciplinary Prostate Cancer Congress® and Other Genitourinary Malignancies. DDR alterations are present in 23% of all metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) cases. 1  Moreover, approximately 1 in 10 men will have a germline mutation in DDR, 2  said Oh, who is the chief of the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, a professor of medicine and urology, and the Ezra M. Greenspan, MD Professor in Clinical Cancer Therapeutics at the Mount Sinai Health System. “About half of those germline mutations are in BRCA2, which is probably the most important mutation because of the nature of response to subsequent therapy [to PARP inhibitors],” said Oh, who is also deputy director of the Tisch Can...

William Oh, MD The use of PARP inhibitors against DNA damage repair (DDR) alterations in prostate cancer is the first display of the potential for widespread precision medicine in the field, according to William K. Oh, MD, in a presentation during the 13th Annual Interdisciplinary Prostate Cancer Congress ® and Other Genitourinary Malignancies. ... to read the full story

The use of PARP inhibitors against DNA damage repair (DDR) alterations in prostate cancer is the first display of the potential for widespread precision medicine in the field, according to William K. Oh, MD, in a presentation during the 13th Annual Interdisciplinary Prostate Cancer Congress® and Other Genitourinary Malignancies. DDR alterations are present in 23% of all metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) cases. 1  Moreover, approximately 1 in 10 men will have a germline mutation in DDR, 2  said Oh, who is the chief of the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, a professor of medicine and urology, and the Ezra M. Greenspan, MD Professor in Clinical Cancer Therapeutics at the Mount Sinai Health System. “About half of those germline mutations are in BRCA2, which is probably the most important mutation because of the nature of response to subsequent therapy [to PARP inhibitors],” said Oh, who is also deputy director of the Tisch Can...

DEAR DR. ROACH: Some 20 years ago, as I was turning 50, a biopsy confirmed prostate cancer. I elected to deal with that through surgery, a radical perineal prostatectomy. For the following 10 years, follow-up blood tests came back showing PSA at "less than 0.1," which I interpreted to mean levels below the detectable limit. About 10 years ago the lab announced that they had improved their methods and would henceforth report PSA in blood as low as 0.01. Since then, my lab reports for PSA have been in the 0.02-0.04 range. Are there tissues that are not removed during a radical prostatectomy that could produce these low levels of PSA? Or are these some fugitive prostate cancer cells lurking somewhere? — D.A.S. ANSWER: The term "prostate-specific antigen" isn't exactly correct, because there are other cells in the body that produce PSA at very low levels. Urethral glands can, and so can salivary glands, normal breast tissue and some cancers besides prostat...

Treatment of oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC) with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) was shown to improve oncologic outcomes and may slow the disease progression in men with hormone-sensitive prostate cancers, according to a study published in  JAMA Oncology . 1 The SABR treatment induced a “systemic immune response,” with the treatment being enhanced by the total consolidation of the disease via prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography. “SABR is a safe and effective modality for (metastasis-directed therapy) in OMPC that improves progression-free survival compared with observation and results in a systemic adaptive immune response,” wrote the researchers. “Complete consolidation of metastatic disease detectable by molecular imaging decreases the risk of subsequent metastases, suggesting an alteration in the natural history.” Median progression-free survival for treatment with SABR improved among the 54 men observed in the st...

Treatment of oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC) with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) was shown to improve oncologic outcomes and may slow the disease progression in men with hormone-sensitive prostate cancers, according to a study published in  JAMA Oncology . 1 The SABR treatment induced a “systemic immune response,” with the treatment being enhanced by the total consolidation of the disease via prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography. “SABR is a safe and effective modality for (metastasis-directed therapy) in OMPC that improves progression-free survival compared with observation and results in a systemic adaptive immune response,” wrote the researchers. “Complete consolidation of metastatic disease detectable by molecular imaging decreases the risk of subsequent metastases, suggesting an alteration in the natural history.” Median progression-free survival for treatment with SABR improved among the 54 men observed in the st...

March 30 (Reuters) - BAYER AG: * NUBEQA® (DAROLUTAMIDE) RECEIVES EU APPROVAL AS A NEW TREATMENT FOR MEN WITH NON-METASTATIC CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER * RESULTS FROM PRE-PLANNED FINAL OVERALL SURVIVAL ANALYSIS ARE EXPECTED TO BE PRESENTED AT AN UPCOMING SCIENTIFIC MEETING IN 2020 Source text: bit.ly/39AcB4Z Further company coverage: (Gdansk Newsroom) Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Jennifer Beebe-Dimmer, MPH, PhD While the risk of prostate cancer varies by family history, it is strongly associated with early onset of disease, according to results of a large, population-based, family database study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology . Future studies should utilize the 3 identified subtypes to discover new genes of prostate cancer that can be used in genetic screening and risk assessment, the investigators concluded. Beebe-Dimmer JL, Kapron AL, Fraser AM, et al. Risk of prostate cancer associated with familial and hereditary cancer syndromes [published on March 24, 2020]. J Clin Oncol . doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.02808 ... to read the full story

NEW YORK – Myriad Genetics said Monday that it has submitted a supplementary application to the Japanese Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare for use of its BRACAnalysis Diagnostic System as a companion diagnostic to identify patients with metastatic pancreatic or metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who have germline  BRCA 1 and  BRCA2  mutations and may be candidates for targeted therapy with the PARP inhibitor olaparib (AstraZeneca's Lynparza), subject to regulatory approval. BRACAnalysis classifies a patient’s clinically significant germline DNA sequence variations in the BRCA1  and  BRCA2  genes.   The BRACAnalysis Diagnostic System was previously approved in Japan to identify patients with ovarian or breast cancer who have a germline BRCA mutation and are eligible for Lynparza therapy. BRACAnalysis is the only germline test for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations to receive regulatory approval in Japan, Myriad noted. "Today’s regulatory...

DEAR DR. ROACH: Some 20 years ago, as I was turning 50, a biopsy confirmed prostate cancer. I elected to deal with that through surgery, a radical perineal prostatectomy. For the following 10 years, follow-up blood tests came back showing PSA at “less than 0.1,” which I interpreted to mean levels below the detectable limit. About 10 years ago the lab announced that they had improved their methods and would henceforth report PSA in blood as low as 0.01. Since then, my lab reports for PSA have been in the 0.02-0.04 range. Are there tissues that are not removed during a radical prostatectomy that could produce these low levels of PSA? Or are these some fugitive prostate cancer cells lurking somewhere? — D.A.S. ANSWER: The term “prostate-specific antigen” isn’t exactly correct, because there are other cells in the body that produce PSA at very low levels. Urethral glands can, and so can salivary glands, normal breast tissue and some cancers besides prostate. The parallel structures...

Q: Some 20 years ago, as I was turning 50, a biopsy confirmed prostate cancer. I elected to deal with that through surgery, a radical perineal prostatectomy. For the following 10 years, follow-up blood tests came back showing PSA at “less than 0.1,” which I interpreted to mean levels below the detectable limit. About 10 years ago the lab announced that they had improved their methods and would henceforth report PSA in blood as low as 0.01. Since then, my lab reports for PSA have been in the 0.02-0.04 range. Are there tissues that are not removed during a radical prostatectomy that could produce these low levels of PSA? Or are these some fugitive prostate cancer cells lurking somewhere? – D.A.S. A: The term “prostate-specific antigen” isn’t exactly correct, because there are other cells in the body that produce PSA at very low levels. Urethral glands can, and so can salivary glands, normal breast tissue and some cancers besides prostate. The parallel structures to the prostate gland ...

To examine the anatomical distribution of prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence on 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) with pathologically lymph node metastasis (pN1) in their extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND). Furthermore, to compare the location of PCa recurrence with the location of the initial lymph node metastasis at ePLND. We retrospectively included 100 patients with BCR (PSA 0.05 - 5.00 ng/ml) after RP with pN1 ePLND who underwent 68 Ga-PSMA-PET/CT to guide salvage therapy. Clinical and pathological features, and anatomical locations of PCa recurrence on 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT were obtained. Also management impact was recorded. 68(68%) patients had a positive, and 32(32%) patients had a negative 68 Ga-PSMA-PET/CT. Of the 68 patients with a positive 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT, 44(65%) patients showed abnormal uptake only in the pelvic area, 7 (10%) patients only outside the pelvic area, and 17(25%) patients both in- and out...

Intense radiotherapy aimed at all metastases in men with prostate cancer with limited metastases (up to three) has been shown to slow progression of the disease. Patients with oligometastatic disease who received stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) had a significant threefold decrease in disease progression at 6 months compared with patients who were randomly assigned to observation alone. "Local control for SABR-treated lesions was excellent, and the adverse effects associated with SABR were mild and did not appear to affect quality of life," say the investigators, led by Ryan Phillips, MD, PhD, from the Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center in Baltimore, Maryland. "Although the approach is controversial, many men are interested in avoiding the unpleasant adverse effects and potential health risks of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for as long as is reasonable," they write. These results come from outcomes of the Observation vs Stereotactic Ablati...

IMAGE:  H&E stained sections from mice orthotopically injected with iPS87 cells. H&E stained sections were examined to identify tumor invasion. (A) Normal prostate; (B) non-invading tumor in prostate; (C) tumor invasion... view more  Credit: Correspondence to - Daniel J. Donoghue - ddonoghue@ucsd.edu Oncotarget Volume 11, Issue 12 reported outside its natural niche, the cultured prostate cancer stem cells lost their tumor-inducing capability and stem cell marker expression after approximately 8 transfers at a 1:3 split ratio. To characterize the iPS87 cell line, cells were stained with antibodies to various markers of stem cells including: ALDH7A1, LGR5, Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, Androgen Receptor, and Retinoid X Receptor. This research thus characterizes the iPS87 cell line as a cancer-inducing, stem cell-like cell line, which can be used in the development of novel treatments for prostate cancer. Dr. Daniel J. Donoghue from the Department of Chemistry and Biochem...

To determine NANDA-I nursing diagnoses and NIC nursing interventions in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in a research and teaching hospital in western Turkey between June 2016 and June 2017. The sample included adult patients diagnosed with prostate cancer in the immediate postoperative period of radical prostatectomy. Data collection was performed using Gordon's Functional Health Patterns, NANDA-International and Nursing Interventions Classification Taxonomy Systems. Participants were 54 adult patients. The main nursing diagnoses were in the classes of "physical injury", "self-care", "hydration" and "physical comfort". Some nursing diagnoses were identified in all patients, namely: "risk for deficient fluid volume", "risk for imbalanced fluid volume", "impaired urinary elimination". The most selected NIC interventions were in the classes of ...

Alexander Wyatt, PhD Liquid biopsy results that identify DNA damage repair (DDR) genes in prostate cancer may be a useful tool in clinical-deci­sion making, espe­cially because these genes can elucidate therapeutic vulnera­bilities that could be exploited by current treatments. The recognition of the role of alterations in the DDR pathway—notably the BRCA1/2 , ATM , and CDK12 genes—marks a major milestone in recent prostate cancer research. BRCA2 mutations, in par­ticular, have been associated with more aggressive disease, poor prog­nosis, and poor clinical responses to systemic therapy for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. 1,2 An estimated 10% of primary tumors and 25% of meta­static prostate cancer harbor DDR defects. 3,4 Alterations in BRCA2 are most relevant in a cancer cell when both alleles are rendered incapable of pro­ducing functional protein.1 Evidence suggests that the majority of patients with a BRCA2 germline alteration will have a deletion of the...

An intense form of radiation can help slow the progression of prostate cancer in some men. That's according to a new research from Johns Hopkins University. The study compared the highly focused radiation with 'wait and watch' observation in 54 men with hormone sensitive prostate cancer. Six months later, 19% of radiation patients showed disease progression, compared to 61% of those undergoing observation alone. The risk of new cancers was also much lower when the radiation was used. Copyright 2020 NBC News. All rights reserved.

1. Bray, F. et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin . 68 , 394–424 (2018). 2. Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. The molecular taxonomy of primary prostate cancer. Cell 163 , 1011–1025 (2015). 3. Armenia, J. et al. The long tail of oncogenic drivers in prostate cancer. Nat. Genet . 50 , 645–651 (2018). 4. Shoag, J. & Barbieri, C. E. Clinical variability and molecular heterogeneity in prostate cancer. Asian J. Androl . 18 , 543–548 (2016). 5. Kimura, T. East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians. Chin. J. Cancer 31 , 421–429 (2012). 6. Baca, S. C. et al. Punctuated evolution of prostate cancer genomes. Cell 153 , 666–677 (2013). 7. Barbieri, C. E. et al. Exome sequencing identifies recurrent SPOP , FOXA1 and MED12 mutations in prostate cancer. Nat. Genet . 44 , 685–689 (201...