Prostate Cancer

Many tumors can be eliminated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and other treatments. But once cancer spreads, or metastasizes, to other parts of the body, it becomes much harder to stop. In this Q&A, medical oncologist Emily Feld talks about how metastatic cancer is diagnosed and treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK). Dr. Feld, who sees patients at MSK Commack on Long Island, specializes in treating patients with genitourinary cancers, including tumors of the prostate, bladder, kidneys, and testicles. Metastatic cancer occurs when cancer cells spread from the organ where they started to a distant part of the body. Metastatic cancers are considered stage 4. Even after cancer has invaded another organ, it is still identified by the place where it developed. For example, prostate cancer that has spread to the bones is not the same as cancer that started in the bones, known as primary bone cancer (of which there are several types, inclu...

Introduction Prostate brachytherapy provides the most durable local control for prostate adenocarcinoma among all radiation treatment options. However, likely due to decreased trainee familiarity with the technique and resource intensity, it has seen a decline in utilization. Here we outline our experience with starting a high-dose-rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy program within a residency training program and present our outcome data. Methods Patients were identified and screened using clinical data and volume study for candidacy for brachytherapy implantation. Eligible candidates were implanted and subsequently had radiation planning and delivery in our clinic. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on our outcomes and dosimetry data and presented in tabular form. Results Seventeen patients were treated for a total of 18 implants (one monotherapy). No implant was aborted. No acute urinary retention requiring catheterization or chronic urethral stricture...

Multiple myeloma, also called myeloma, is a rare blood cancer that's estimated to currently affect about 100,000 people in the United States. It makes up about 1 percent of new cancers in people of European descent and 2 percent of cancers in people of African descent. Skin conditions aren't among the typical signs of myeloma but can occur. The most common signs of myeloma fall under the acronym CRAB: C alcium elevation R enal (kidney) failure A nemia B one problems Each of these signs can cause additional issues, some of which can affect your skin. Read on to learn more about the skin conditions associated with myeloma, when they usually appear, and how they're treated. Multiple myeloma develops in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that produces proteins called antibodies that tell other cells in your immune system to attack foreign invaders. Myeloma or treatment for myeloma can cause a variety of skin conditions, including rashes, sores, and bumps. Symptoms can dev...

Peritoneal carcinomatosis happens when cancer cells from the ovary spread to the peritoneum. It is often present in advanced or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancers. Peritoneal cancer is a rare, advanced cancer that develops in the peritoneum. It may begin in the peritoneum, a condition doctors call primary peritoneal cancer, or the spread of malignant cells from tumors in other organs like the ovaries may cause it. Doctors refer to the condition as peritoneal carcinomatosis when it occurs due to the spread of malignant cells. Whether peritoneal cancer originates from the peritoneum or has spread from somewhere else, doctors consider it an advanced form of cancer. People with this illness have a poor outlook. This article explores the link between peritoneal carcinomatosis and ovarian cancer. We also discuss who is at risk of the condition, its symptoms, causes, and more. The peritoneum is a thin layer of tissue made of epithelial cells. The parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal wall...

Abstract Skin cutaneous melanoma is a malignant and highly metastatic skin tumor, and its morbidity and mortality are still rising worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms that promote melanoma metastasis are unclear. Two datasets (GSE15605 and GSE46517) were retrieved to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 23 normal skin tissues (N), 77 primary melanoma tissues (T) and 85 metastatic melanoma tissues (M). Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis were performed to explore the functions of the DEGs. We constructed protein–protein interaction network using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Using the cytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape, we identified the most significant hub genes by five analytical methods (Degree, Bottleneck, MCC, MNC, and EPC). Hub gene expression was validated using the UALCAN website. Clinical relevance was investigated using The Cancer Genome Atlas resources. Finally, we explored the association b...