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The Prostate Cancer Symptoms You Should Know
While prostate cancer affects about 1 in 8 men, when it's caught early, there's a 99% survival rate, according to Cancer.Org. That's why early-stage detection is so important.
The higher the stage number, the more advanced the disease. Learn from the experts about the early symptoms of prostate cancer as well as signs of advanced-stage disease.
What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?
Stage 1 prostate cancer symptoms
Your prostate cancer is considered stage 1 if it hasn't spread beyond your prostate gland, according to Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center and Mount Sinai Health System. The prostate is a small walnut-shaped gland that's located under a man's bladder. It produces seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm.
Symptoms of prostate cancer might be nonexistent during this stage. That's because it generally grows slowly and only affects one part of the prostate, making it a challenge to detect without regular screenings. In fact, John Hopkins Medicine notes that about 85% of prostate cancer cases are found using early detection screenings prior to any symptoms developing.
"There are circumstances, or individual cases, where people might experience some changes in the way they're peeing. They might experience some ejaculatory changes, maybe some blood in their semen. But these are not rules per se," said Dr. Ramdev Konijeti, director of genitourinary oncology at Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center in San Diego.
According to the Moffitt Cancer Center in Florida, symptoms during stage 1 prostate cancer may include:
Stage 2 prostate cancer symptoms
As prostate cancer progresses, it will still stay within the borders of the prostate gland, according to Mount Sinai. It can grow more rapidly, however, and cells can show more abnormalities. This is known as stage 2 prostate cancer. At this stage, the cancer may be located on one or both sides of the gland.
The United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS) notes that once a prostate cancer tumor grows large enough to put pressure on the urethra (the tube carrying urine from the bladder out through the penis), symptoms can become more apparent.
Stage 2 prostate cancer symptoms may include:
Stage 3 prostate cancer symptoms
During stage 3, prostate cancer spreads beyond the prostate gland into surrounding tissues and sometimes into the seminal glands, according to Scripps. At this stage, it hasn't yet entered the lymph nodes or spread throughout the body, however.
This stage is also known as locally advanced prostate cancer.
The Urology Foundation and Scripps advise that men may experience advanced prostate cancer symptoms during this stage, such as:
Stage 4 prostate cancer symptoms
Stage 4 prostate cancer is the most advanced stage of the disease, where cancer cells have spread to tissues and organs in other parts of the body, such as the bones, spine, pelvis, liver and bladder. This stage is sometimes called advanced, or metastatic, prostate cancer, according to Scripps.
You might notice more aggressive symptoms during this stage. The Mayo Clinic notes that in addition to symptoms seen in earlier stages, metastatic prostate cancer symptoms might show up in different ways, such as:
"Typically, people feel absolutely no symptoms related to the condition until it spreads and it affects the bones and people can get unintentional weight loss. They can get pain in specific areas where it has spread," Konijeti said.
"Those are the two very common things people can experience in very advanced stages of prostate cancer, as well as urinary problems, like blood in the urine or inability to empty themselves," he added.
According to the Prostate Cancer Foundation, at any stage prostate cancer symptoms are "rare," and if they do show up it's during these later stages.
That's why Konijeti suggested men with risk factors for prostate cancer have annual prostate screenings starting in their mid-40s.
"In people with absolutely no risk factors, no symptoms, they're just interested in screening for it, typically after the age of 50 we tell people they can screen for it every other year, at the most," he advised.
SOURCE: Ramdev Konijeti, MD, director, genitourinary oncology, Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Diego
Understanding Advanced (Stage 4) Prostate Cancer
Stage 4 prostate cancer is cancer that began in the prostate but has since spread to other organs. Depending on the tumor's location, you may experience fatigue, weakness, and other symptoms.
Prostate cancer is cancer that starts in the prostate gland. Advanced prostate cancer occurs when it has spread, or metastasized, from the prostate to other areas of the body.
Cancer spreads when cells break off from the original tumor and move into nearby tissue. This is called localized metastasis. Cancer can spread directly into nearby tissues or to distant parts of the body through the lymphatic system. When this happens, it's called "metastatic disease" or "prostate cancer with metastasis to" a certain body part or organ system.
New tumors can grow in any organ, but prostate cancer can spread to the:
Stage 4 prostate cancer occurs when the prostate cancer has already spread to distant organs or tissues at the time of diagnosis.
Most of the time, doctors can diagnose prostate cancer at an earlier stage. It's generally a slow-growing cancer, but it can spread or come back (recur) after treatment.
When cancer is confined to the prostate, many people have no symptoms. Others have trouble urinating or notice blood in their urine.
Metastatic cancer can cause generalized symptoms such as:
Other symptoms of advanced prostate cancer may depend on where it has spread and the size of the tumors.
The exact cause of prostate cancer isn't clear. Your risk of developing this particular cancer increases after you reach age 50.
Certain groups are more likely to develop aggressive forms of prostate cancer, including African-Americans and people who carry certain inherited genetic mutations such as:
People with prostate cancer don't always have a family history of the disease. But having a close relative with prostate cancer more than doubles your risk.
If you've previously been diagnosed with prostate cancer, be sure to tell your doctor if you develop any new symptoms, even if you've completed treatment.
To determine if prostate cancer has returned or has spread, your doctor will likely order imaging tests, which may include:
You probably won't need all of these tests. The doctor typically chooses tests based on your symptoms and physical exam.
If any images reveal abnormalities, it doesn't necessarily mean that the cancer has returned or spread. You may need additional testing may be necessary. If they find a mass, a doctor will likely order a biopsy.
For a biopsy, a doctor removes samples from the suspicious area, whether through surgery or an in-office procedure, depending on the location. A pathologist then analyzes those cells under a microscope to see if they're cancerous. The pathologist can also determine if you have an aggressive form of prostate cancer.
No matter where prostate cancer spreads, it's still treated as prostate cancer. It's harder to treat when it reaches an advanced stage.
Treatment for advanced prostate cancer involves targeted and systemic therapies. Most people need a combination of treatments, and they may have to be adjusted from time to time.
Hormone therapyHormone therapy suppresses the hormones that help prostate cancer cells to grow. A doctor may recommend any of the following hormone therapies:
Side effects of hormone therapy drugs include:
PARP (poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase) inhibitors can help prevent cancer cells from repairing their DNA after treatments like chemotherapy have damaged them. Doctors may recommend them for people whose cancer has specific genetic mutations known as BRCA+ mutations.
Side effects can include:
RadiationIn external beam radiation, beams of radiation target the prostate gland or another area of the body. It can help to ease symptoms when prostate cancer has spread to the bone. Fatigue is a common side effect.
For internal radiation, your doctor will implant tiny radioactive seeds into your prostate. The seeds emit a permanent low dose or temporary high dose of radiation. Potential side effects can include:
Chemotherapy kills cancer cells throughout the body. It may shrink existing tumors and slow or prevent the growth of new tumors. Side effects can include:
Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) is a vaccine doctors use to treat advanced prostate cancer, especially if it's not responding to hormone therapy.
The vaccine is made using your own white blood cells. You receive it intravenously in three doses spaced 2 weeks apart. Side effects may include:
While some surgery to remove tumors may be an option, a doctor is less likely to recommend it for prostate cancer that has spread to multiple areas. It may also depend on the location of the cancer and the symptoms you experience.
Be sure to talk with your doctor if your treatments impact your quality of life. They may be able to prescribe medications or other therapies to help manage side effects. You can also ask about clinical trials for prostate cancer. These trials involve newer treatments that aren't yet in use, combinations of approved medications, or drugs that have been approved to treat another condition.
In addition to treating the cancer, your care team may be able to offer solutions for specific symptoms like pain, fatigue, and urinary problems.
No cure is available for stage 4 prostate cancer. Your healthcare team will work with you to help control the cancer for as long as possible while maintaining a good quality of life.
Your outlook may depend on many factors, including your age, overall health, how fast the cancer is spreading, and how well you respond to therapies. Additionally, treatments are continually improving over time through research, so you may have additional treatment options in the future.
With treatment, you can live for years with metastatic prostate cancer.
It's important that you learn all you can about advanced prostate cancer so you can make informed decisions. Be open with your doctors and others on your healthcare team. Express your concerns, and feel free to advocate for yourself and your quality of life. You also can get another medical opinion if you feel it's necessary.
Some complementary therapies may prove helpful in coping with advanced cancer. For example:
Various services can help you with everything from lodging while you're undergoing treatment to getting some help around the house. Communicating with online or in-person groups provides a space to share information and lend mutual support.
Read More: The best prostate cancer blogs of the year »
For more information about support services, contact the National Cancer Information Center by phone or live chat. Someone is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to answer your questions.
The following includes common questions about stage 4 prostate cancer.
How long can you live with stage 4 prostate cancer?People with stage 4 prostate cancer can live for many years with treatment. Your individual outlook can depend on factors that include age, general health, how you respond to treatment, and where the cancer has spread.
How bad is stage 4 prostate cancer?Stage 4 prostate cancer is cancer that began in the prostate and has spread to other organs and body systems. Treatment, such as chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy, can slow or stop cancer growth. People with advanced prostate cancer can live for years with treatment.
Is prostate cancer stage 4 terminal?While stage 4 or advanced prostate cancer is difficult to cure, people who undergo treatment may live for years after diagnosis.
What causes death from stage 4 prostate cancer?The spread of prostate cancer to other organs can impair their functionality, which may lead to death.
Advanced prostate cancer is cancer that began in the prostate but has since metastasized to other parts of the body. Treatment typically involves chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy.
A person's outlook with advanced prostate cancer depends on many factors, including age, general health, the location where it has spread, and the response to treatment. But people with advanced prostate cancer can live for multiple years after diagnosis.
Cancer In Prostate: Symptoms Unveiled - Know What To Look Out For
(MENAFN- EIN Presswire)RSNY - Silent No More
Breaking Boundaries in Prostate Cancer
United Against Prostate Cancer
Early Detection Matters
Warning Signs of Prostate Cancer
The Unseen Dangers of Prostate Cancer: Insights on Early Detection and Understanding Symptoms
NEW YORK, NY, USA, July 13, 2023/einpresswire.Com / -- Amid an ever-evolving landscape of medical science, prostate cancer, often called the 'silent killer,' continues to be a significant concern for the world's male population. Cancer in the prostate , a small gland that produces seminal fluid in men, often progresses silently with little to no early signs. As a result, it remains one of the most insidious forms of cancer.Symptoms are typically seen in the urinary system, given the prostate gland's proximity to the bladder. Frequent urination, especially at night, blood in the urine or semen, discomfort in the pelvic area, bone pain, and erectile dysfunction are potential signs that should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Yet, the onset of these symptoms does not necessarily mean a man has prostate cancer. They could signal other health conditions, like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a noncancerous prostate gland enlargement. This understanding underscores the importance of open dialogue with medical professionals and routine screening for men, especially those over 50 or at a higher risk due to family history or ethnic background.
Historically, the medical community has relied heavily on two primary methods for detecting prostate cancer - the digital rectal exam (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. The DRE is a quick, simple procedure where a doctor checks for abnormalities in the gland's size, shape, or texture.
On the other hand, the PSA test uses a blood sample to gauge the prostate gland's production of PSA. Elevated PSA levels might indicate the presence of cancer, though other conditions like prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate) or urinary tract infections can also cause a rise in these levels.
Given these traditional screening methods' limitations and potential false positives, searching for more accurate, non-invasive diagnostic techniques is ongoing. Researchers like Dr. Gil Lederman and his team at rsny frequently pioneer medical advancements that open up new possibilities for the early detection and treatment of prostate cancer.
These new techniques are potentially game-changing, offering hope to millions worldwide. However, their efficacy ultimately depends on the early and accurate identification of symptoms, which loops back to the need for enhanced public awareness.
In the fight against cancer in the prostate, knowledge is the most potent weapon. Asymptomatic understanding provides a substantial advantage for early detection, and early detection often leads to more treatment options and better outcomes.
Remember, each man's experience with prostate cancer is unique. The absence of noticeable symptoms does not guarantee one is free from risk. It is essential to consult with healthcare professionals, understand risk factors, and determine the most appropriate course for screenings and potential treatments.
Prostate cancer, much like other forms of cancer, does not respect boundaries of age, ethnicity, or social status. Awareness is a universal necessity, and people must take part in the efforts to understand and recognize the signs and symptoms associated with it.
Furthermore, it's important to note that understanding symptoms and the subsequent dialogue it opens with healthcare professionals can lead to early detection and improved patient-doctor relationships. These relationships facilitate better communication, understanding of the patient's unique circumstances and health history, and, ultimately, a personalized approach to healthcare.
In conclusion, the silent progression of prostate cancer underscores the urgent need for increased awareness. Understanding symptoms and the role they play in early detection is paramount in the fight against this disease. Radiosurgery New York continues to stand with patients, healthcare professionals, and communities worldwide, working together to usher in a new era of hope and healing for prostate cancer.
Press Release By: press maverick
Matthew MoghaddamPressmaverick
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