Potential biomarkers for the early detection of bone metastases
What Is Carcinoma?
Carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in cells that make up the skin or the tissue lining organs, such as the liver or kidneys.
Like other types of cancer, carcinomas are abnormal cells that divide without control. They are able to spread to other parts of the body, but don't always. "Carcinoma in situ" stays in the cells where it started.
Not all cancers are carcinoma. Other types of cancer that aren't carcinomas invade the body in different ways. Those cancers begin in other types of tissue, such as:
Although carcinomas can occur in many parts of the body, you may often hear people talk about these common types of carcinoma:
Basal cell carcinoma. This is the most common form of all cancers. It occurs in cells lining the deepest part of the skin's outer layer.
You should get quick treatment for basal cell carcinoma to avoid scars. But only in very rare cases does this type of carcinoma spread to other parts of the body.
Basal cell carcinomas often look like:
If you have basal cell carcinoma it's likely that you got it because of too much time in the sun. You may have had a few bad sunburns or else spent a lot of time in the sun during your life.
Squamous cell carcinoma. Most people think of skin cancer when they hear the words "squamous cell carcinoma." And it is true that this type of carcinoma often shows up on the skin.
But squamous cell carcinoma can also be found in other parts of the body, such as cells lining:
When squamous cell carcinoma develops in the skin, you often find it on areas that are exposed to the sun, such as the:
Squamous cell carcinoma that develops on the skin is usually caused by spending too much time in the sun over the course of your life. This type of skin cancer tends to grow and spread more than basal cell cancers. In rare cases, it may spread to the lymph nodes.
Squamous cell carcinomas may crust or bleed and can include:
Renal cell carcinoma. This is the most common type of kidney cancer. It usually grows as a single tumor within the kidney.
Renal cell carcinoma is sometimes discovered when you have a CT scan or an ultrasound for another reason. Sometimes it is detected after it has already become very large or spread to other organs.
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This is a condition where cancer cells are found inside the ducts of the breast. But in DCIS, the cancer has not fully developed or spread into nearby areas. Nearly all women diagnosed with this can be cured.
Invasive ductal carcinoma. This type of breast cancer starts in a milk duct but spreads into the fatty tissue of the breast. It can spread to other parts of the body through the lymph system and bloodstream.
It may be discovered as a suspicious mass through a mammogram by your health provider or during a breast self-exam.
Other symptoms may include:
Adenocarcinoma. This is a type of carcinoma that starts in cells called "glandular cells." These cells make mucus and other fluids. The glandular cells are found in different organs in your body.
Adenocarcinomas can occur in different parts of the body. Some examples of cancers that can be adenocarcinomas include lung, pancreatic, and colorectal types.
Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Early detection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is critical to both achieving a cure and preserving the functions of the head and neck structures (mouth, nose and throat). Diagnosis requires imaging with contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) and/or positron emission tomography (PET) scans. It also requires a tissue diagnosis to confirm the presence and type of cancer cells.
For most patients, treatment will involve a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or clinical trials. Regardless of the therapies used, treatment of all cancer in the head and neck requires experts who understand both how to treat the disease, and how to preserve function and maintain quality of life after the cancer is gone. By combining expertise in head and neck cancer surgery, reconstructive surgery, systemic therapy, and radiation therapy, the multidisciplinary team at the Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center offers the most up-to-date and effective treatment options for you or your loved one.
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