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What Are The Symptoms And Causes Of Bone Cancer?

Yellow ribbon for sarcoma awareness (iStock )

Bone cancer is a rare type of cancer that begins in the bones.

The NHS recognises two main overarching categories of bone cancer: primary and secondary.

When a person has primary bone cancer, the cancer cells are bone cells that have become cancerous. According to the NHS, around 550 cases of primary bone cancer are diagnosed each year in the UK.

Secondary bone cancer, which is more common, is when cancer cells have spread into the bone from cancer in another part of the body. This is also known as metastatic bone cancer.

What are the signs and symptoms of primary bone cancer?

Bone cancer can affect any bone, but most cases develop in the long bones of the legs and upper arms.

The main symptoms include persistent bone pain that gets worse, swelling and redness over a bone, a noticeable lump over a bone, a bone that breaks or fractures more easily than normal, and problems with moving around.

What are the types of bone cancer?

The most common type of bone cancer, called osteosarcoma, mostly affects children and young adults under 20.

Ewing sarcoma is another main type of bone cancer, which most commonly affects people aged between 10 and 20. Young people can be affected during rapid growth spurts that occur in puberty and may make bone tumours develop. Sarcoma awareness month is observed every July and marked by a yellow ribbon.

Chondrosarcoma, another common type of cancer, tends to affect adults aged over 40.

What are the causes of bone cancer?

It's usually unknown why a person develops bone cancer, but a person could be more at risk of developing it if you have had previous exposure to radiation during radiotherapy, according to the NHS.

Other conditions such as Paget's disease of the bone and a rare genetic condition called Li-Fraumeni syndrome is also cited as potential causes of bone cancer by the NHS.

Treatment for bone cancer depends on the type a person has and how far in the body it has spread.

Most people will undergo treatment to remove the section of cancerous bone, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.


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A&E Doctor On The 'common Early Symptom' Of Bone Cancer

An A&E doctor has shared a common, early symptom of bone cancer. It can affect any bone, but most cases develop in the long bones of the legs or upper arms.

Around 550 new cases are diagnosed each year in the UK, according to the NHS. However, the symptoms of bone cancer can easily be mistaken for other health issues.

An A&E clinician and NHS GP has taken to TikTok to inform his 59,000 followers of the most common signs. Doctor Suraj Kukadia said: "I recently had a patient who was asking me about the symptoms of bone cancer. A persistent, deep and increasing pain in one of your bones is a common early symptom."

"The part of the bone with the cancer can also become swollen and tender," Dr Sooj added. He continued: "And because the bones can be weakened by the cancer they are more prone to getting breaks and fractures.

"Some of the more generic signs would be tiredness, weakness, weight loss and even fevers," The Express reports.

Signs and symptoms of bone cancer

Bone cancer can affect any bone, but most cases develop in the long bones of the legs or upper arms.

The main symptoms include:

  • persistent bone pain that gets worse over time and continues into the night
  • swelling and redness (inflammation) over a bone, which can make movement difficult if the affected bone is near a joint
  • a noticeable lump over a bone
  • a weak bone that breaks (fractures) more easily than normal
  • problems moving around – for example, walking with a limp

    • If you or your child are experiencing persistent, severe or worsening bone pain, visit your GP. While it's highly unlikely to be the result of bone cancer, it does require further investigation.

    Types of bone cancer

    Some of the main types of bone cancer are:

  • osteosarcoma – the most common type, which mostly affects children and young adults under 20
  • Ewing sarcoma – which most commonly affects people aged between 10 and 20
  • chondrosarcoma – which tends to affect adults aged over 40

    • Young people can be affected because the rapid growth spurts that occur during puberty may make bone tumours develop. The above types of bone cancer affect different types of cell.

    The treatment and outlook will depend on the type of bone cancer you have. See here for more information.





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